Scale based on fluorine, unit 1.0
Science in Ancient Artwork and Science Today
The Theoretical Interpretation of Spacetime/motion

The Physical Atomic Weight Scale:

A Unit 1.0 Scale Based on Fluorine 19

 

 

Introduction

 

          The following paragraph caught my eye when researching information about the atom and the elements:

 

          "Symbols, names, and chemical atomic weights are those adopted by the Commission on Atomic Weights of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry at Zurich, in July, 1955. It should be noted that this chemical atomic weight scale is not identical to the physical atomic weight scale. In the physical atomic weight scale the mass of O16 is taken as the standard and is assigned the mass of exactly 16.00000 units; in the chemical scale the atomic weight of the natural isotopic mixture of oxygen (containing small amounts of O17 and O18) is assigned the value of exactly 16.00000. Conversion to the physical scale can be made by dividing by 1.000275. Several suggestions for unifying the two scales have been made. A scale based on fluorine 19 (fluorine has no other known natural isotopes) appears to be the most attractive. No such changeover, however, is likely to occur soon owing to the large amount of data in textbooks, reference books, etc., that would require revision." [DAVIS, Helen Miles, The Chemical Elements, Ballantine Books, New York, 1959, page 191. Emphasis mine.]

 

          The previous statement appears to be another example whereby scientists recognize a better way to do things, but opt out because the correction may be too laborious or, counter popular trends. In my mind, the cognitive process is negatively affected by the lack of correction.

 

          There are other examples that I have come across in the science literature where scientists recognize the need to redo something, but decide not to because the correction would require countering traditional knowledge.

 

For example, in the chromosomal human karyotype, it was recognized that the sequential size of the chromosomes is out of order. Yet, no corrections have been made so as not to counter popular beliefs. I produced a new chromosomal human karyotype order based on the sequential size of the chromosomes [www.earthmatrix.com/karyotype.html]. Distinct patterns resulted from the new change in format. But, geneticists evidently prefer to remain with the error in their classification.

 

          I produced The Schemata of the Elements, a distinct periodic table based on the sequential order of the atomic numbers of the elements. When I showed the schemata to a few chemists, they agreed that the sequential ordering in the schematic format made more sense.  But they declared that it was impossible to adopt the schemata since all of the tests in the schools, colleges and universities are geared to the standard periodic table now in use.

 

          There are other examples. But the previously cited examples suffice to illustrate how knowledge is not produced due to practices that inhibit corrections within certain sciences.

 

          In this essay, I carry out a small exercise. I take the atomic weights offered in Helen Miles Davis' book and divide them by the number 19, pertaining to the atomic weight of fluorine. It is an elementary exercise to see what kind of numerical values arise from this procedure. I employ the values of atomic weights offered by Helen Miles Davis in 1959 in order to get an idea of what kind of numerical values would have been contemplated 55 years ago. The implications in this analysis are that possibly those numerical values would have suggested other paths of analysis in physics and chemistry. [Other Unit 1.0 scales for the elements have been presented on my web-site, www.earthmatrix.com.]

 

          Obviously, the suggestions coming from the derived values in this manner were not produced back then. In other words, this knowledge was not produced 55 years ago, the insight is being produced now, in 2014.

"The Physical Atomic Weight Scale: A Scale Based on Fluorine 19"

 

          The following list presents the atomic weight of each of the elements divided by the number 19 as the atomic weight of 9-fluorine. In the column of "Numerical Values" selected observations present suggestive relationships of those corresponding values.

 

Element      Atomic weight     Divided by 19      Numerical Values and

                                                                                      Observations

 

1-H             1.0080                  /19              =         .0530526316

2-He            4.003                                                 .2106842105

3-Li             6.940                                                 .3652631579

4-Be            9.013                                                 .4743684211

5-B             10.82                                                 .5694736842

6-C                                                                       .6321052632

7-N             14.008                                               .7372631579

8-O             16.0                                                   .8421052632

9-Fl             19.0                                                   1.0 Unit

10-Ne          20.183                                               1.062263158

11-Na          22.997                                               1.210368421

12-Mg         24.32                                                 1.28   [constant binary]

13-Al          26.98                                                 1.42

14-Si           28.09                                                 1.478421053

15-P            30.975                                               1.630263158

16-S            32.066                                               1.687684211

17-Cl          35.457                                               1.866157895

[Mantissa related to square root of 3:

 .8660254038]

18-Ar          39.944                                               2.102315789

19-K           39.100                                               2.057894737

20-Ca          40.08                                                 2.109473684

21-Sc          44.96                                                 2.366315789

                                                                             [Absolute temperature

                                                                             Scale: 1.366099213]

22-Ti           47.90                                                 2.521052632

23-V           50.95                                                 2.681578947

24-Ca         52.01                                                 2.737368421

25-Mn         54.93                                                 2.891052632

26-Fe          55.85                                                 2.939473684

27-Co         58.94                                                 3.102105263

28-Ni          58.69                                                 3.088947368

29-Cu         63.54                                                 3.344210526

                                                                             1.672105263

                                                                             [≈ Proton mass]

30-Zn          65.38                                                 3.441052632

31-Ga          69.72                                                 3.669473684

                                                                             [Absolute temperature

                                                                             Scale: 0.366099213]

36-Ge          72.6                                                   3.821052632

33-As          74.91                                                 3.942631579

34-Se          78.96                                                 4.155789474

35-Br          79.916                                               4.20105263

36-Kr          83.8                                                   4.410526316

37-Rb         85.48                                                 4.498947368

38-Sr          87.631                                               4.612105263

39-Y           88.92                                                 4.68 [9.36, 18.72…]

40-Zr          91.22                                                 4.801052632

41-Nb         92.91                                                 4.89 [9.78, 19.56…

                                                                             Planck energy 1.9561]

42-Mo         95.95                                                 5.05

43-Tc          [99]                                                   5.210526316

44-Ru          101.7                                                 5.352631579

45-Rh          102.91                                               5.416315789

46-Pd          106.7                                                 5.615789474

47-Ag          107.880                                             5.677894737

48-Cd          112.41                                               5.916315789

49-In           114.76                                               6.04

50-Sn          118.7                                                 6.247368421

51-Sb          121.76                                               6.408421053

52-Te          127.61                                               6.716315789

53-I             126.9                                                 6.679473684

                                                                             [G = 6.6742]

54-Xe          131.3                                                 6.910526316

55-Cs          132.91                                               6.957368421

56-Ba          137.36                                               7.229473684

57-La          138.92                                               7.311578947

58-Ce          140.13                                               7.375263158

59-Pr          140.94                                               7.416842105

60-Nd         144.27                                               7.593157895

61-Pm         [145]                                                 7.631578947

62-Sm         150.43                                               7.917368421

63-Eu          152.0                                                 8

64-Gd          156.9                                                 8.257894737

65-Tb          159.2                                                 8.378947368

66-Dy          162.46                                               8.550526316

67-He          164.94                                               8.681052632

68-Er          167.2                                                 8.8

69-Tm         169.4                                                 8.915789474

70-Yb          173.04                                               9.107368421

71-Lu          174.99                                               9.21

72-Hf          178.6                                                 9.4

73-Ta          180.88                                               9.52

74-W          183.94                                               9.68

75-Re          186.31                                               9.805789474

76-Os          190.2                                                 10.01052632

77-Ir           193.1                                                 10.16315789

78-Pt           195.23                                               10.27526316

79-Au           197.2                                                 10.37894737

80-Hg           200.61                                               10.55842105

81-Tl           204.39                                               10.75736842

82-Pb          207.21                                               10.90578947

83-Bi           209.00                                               11

84-Po          210                                                    11.05263158

85-At          210                                                    11.05263158

86-Rn         222                                                    11.68421053

87-Fr          223                                                    11.73684211

88-Ra         226.05                                               11.89736842

89-Ac         227                                                    11.94736842

90-Th          232.12                                               12.21684211

91-Pa          231                                                    12.15789474

92-U           238.07                                               12.53

93-Np         237                                                    12.47368421

94-Pu          242                                                    12.73684211

95-Am        241                                                    12.68421053

96-Cm        248                                                    13.05263158

97-Bk         249                                                    13.10526316

98-Cf          249                                                    13.10526316

99-Es          254                                                    13.36842105

100-Fm       255                                                    13.42105263

101-Md       256                                                    13.47368421

102-Nu       254                                                    13.36842105

                                                                             [Halves to

                                                                             1.671052631]

 

In search of a pattern, consider the concept of whole numbers for the numerical values. These appear approximately for the following elements:

 

Whole number     Element      Pattern

0.053                    1-H             1 + 8 = 9

1.0                        9-Fl             9 + 10 = 19

2.0                        19-K           19 + 9 = 28

3.0                        28-Ni          28 + 6 = 34

4.0                        34-Se          34 + 8 = 42

5.0                        42-Mo         42 + 7 = 49

6.0                        49-In           49 + 7 = 56

7.0                        56-Ba          56 + 7 = 63

8.0                        63-Eu          63 + 7 = 70

9.0                        70-Yb          70 + 6 = 76

10.0                      76-Os          76 + 7 = 83

11.0                      83-Si           83 + 6 = 89

12.0                      89-Ag          89 + 7 = 96

13.0                      96-Cm       

 

Whole numbers might appear ideally as follows, with the following aggregate pattern based mainly on plus-7 elements [octaves]:

 

Element      Ideal Aggregate             Units           Real

                                                          Ideal

 

1-H             +8                                  .05              -.053

9-Fl             +10                                1.0              1.0

19-K           +7                                  2.0              2.057894737

26-Fe          +7                                  3.0              2.939473684

33-As          +7                                  4.0              3.942631579

40-Zr          +7                                  5.0              4.801052632

47-Ag          +7                                  6.0              5.677894737

54-Xe          +7                                  7.0              6.910526316

61-Pm         +7                                  8.0              7.631578947

68-Er          +7                                  9.0              8.8

75-Re          +7                                  10.0            9.805789474

82-Pb          +7                                  11.0            10.90578947

89-Ac          +7                                  12.0            11.94736842

96-Cm                                              13.0            13.05263158

 

Note in the comparison of both groups of numbers and patterns, that the initial and final elements of the ideal series are the same as those of the actual series of numerical values. Variations between the groups appear within and between the two series of elements compared.

 

Observations

 

          In summary, some of the derived numerical values are suggestive of other fundamental physical events and constants. Among other relationships to be noted in a later essay, the ones that are most suggestive to me here concern the similarity to the absolute temperature scale [1.3661], the proton mass [1.67262], and Planck energy [1.9561].

 

 

Element      Atomic       Numerical values, observations

                   Weight

 

9-Fl             19.0            1.0 Unit

 

12-Mg         24.32          1.28   [constant binary number series]

 

17-Cl          35.457        1.866157895

[Mantissa related to square root of 3:

 .8660254038. The square root of three is

related to the absolute temperature scalee.]

 

21-Sc          44.96          2.366315789

                                      [Absolute temperature Scale: 1.366099213

Freezing point of water plus boiling point of

water = 1.0 + 1.3661 = 2.3661]

 

29-Cu          63.54          3.344210526 / 2 = 1.672105263 [≈ Proton mass]

 

31-Ga          69.72          3.669473684

                                      [Absolute temperature Scale: 0.366099213

Difference between freezing point of water and

boiling point of water 1.3661 - 1.0 = 0.3661]

 

39-Y           88.92          4.48 [9.36, 18.72…]

 

41-Nb          92.91          4.89 [9.78, 19.56…Planck energy 1.9561]

 

53-I             126.9          6.679473684 [suggestive Gravitational constant

 = 6.6742]

 

63-Eu           152.0          8 [whole number fractal]

 

83-Bi          209.00        11 [whole number fractal]

 

102-Nu       254             13.36842105 [Halves to 1.671052631]

 

          Additional essays on this theme are to follow on the Earth/matriX web-site in order to demonstrate that the relationships of numerical values are not due to happenstance.

 

-0-

 

Earth/matriX

SCIENCE TODAY

The Physical Atomic Weight Scale:

A Unit 1.0 Scale Based on Fluorine 19

Charles William Johnson

Earth/matriX Editions

 

©2014 Copyrighted by Charles William Johnson. Reproduction prohibited.

All rights reserved.

 


 

The Electronic Periodicity Patterns of Symmetry
Non-Metals, Metalloids
and Metals
The Inner Transition Elements,
The Outer Transition Elements
Orbitals Occupied
by Valence Electrons
Elements
by Valence
The Pattern
of Shells
The Outer Transition
Pattern of Symmetry
A Proposal for a Notation
of Groups and Families
Patterns of Symmetry Rendered
on the Schema Design


More Images of the Peridoic Schemata

Why The Periodic Schemata of the Elements