Hawking’s A Brief History of Time, A Commentary

Charles William Johnson

©2009 Copyrighted Earth/matriX Editions

CHAPTER FIVE

CHAPTER FIVE: ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND THE FORCES OF NATURE

"We now know that neither the atoms nor the protons and neutrons within them are indivisible. So the question is: What are the truly elementary particles, the basic building blocks from which everything is made?" (p.65)

This wording, coming out of nineteenth century physics textbooks is not the way to attempt to understand reality. There are no building blocks as such in these terms. Spacetime/movement events can only be discussed in terms of spacetime/movement events; levels-moments/relations; aspects-processes/systems.

Pauli's exclusion principle (1925): two similar particles cannot exist in the same state, that is, they cannot have both the same position and the same velocity, within the limits given by the uncertainty principle. (p.67)

This is another way of stating that no two spacetime/movement events can occupy the same spacetime/movement coordinates.

"Ultimately, most physicists hope to find a unified theory that will explain all four forces as different aspects of a single force. Indeed, many would say this is the prime goal of physics today." (p.68)

We have argued elsewhere that forces as such do not exist. They are manifestations of spacetime/movement events, specific consequences of matter-energy events.

-o-

This was as far as I was able to get in reading Hawking's work. The critique served the purpose of becoming as precise and exact as possible in writing about the theoretical conception of spacetime/motion. It had no other meaning or purpose than that.

Earth/matrix
Science Today

• The Temperature Scale and the
  Universal Constant for Particle Mass
  
  
• The International Temperature
  Scale 1990
  
  
• Color Scale and Temperature
  Scale Relations
  
  
• The Pluto / Sun Relationship and
  the Thermodynamic Temperature Scale
  
  
• The Inverse Fine-Structure
  Constant
  
  

• Quantum Mechanics of the Reciprocity of Light and Gravity
  
  

• Matter and Energy Disengaged
  
  

• The Astronomical Unit (AU): Mercury/Sun Distance

• Mercury as Astronomical Unit (AU), for Distance, Orbital Periodicity and Velocity